Role-Method-Work Alignment (Contextual Enactment)
About this pattern
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How to use this pattern
Read the ID, status, type, and normativity first. Use the content for exact wording, the relations for adjacent concepts, and citations to keep active work grounded without pasting the whole specification.
Type: Architectural (A) Status: Stable Normativity: Normative unless marked informative
At a glance. This pattern is the enactment-alignment pattern for engineer-managers when the real confusion is not "what component is this" but who is responsible, how the work is supposed to happen, when the plan applies, and what actually happened.
Use this when. Use this pattern when the real job is to separate role, method, plan, holder U.Capability instance, any capability statement or currentness assessment relied on, capability-fit checks, and performed work before a team treats one cue, one schedule, one display, one copied or generated statement, or one document as if it already counted as the role assignment, the method, the work plan, execution evidence, or the work itself.
Start here when. The dominant ambiguity is role vs method vs schedule vs performed work occurrence, and the team keeps arguing over encountered "process" wording without separating recipe, plan, capability, and executed work.
First output. One explicit separation of U.Role, U.Method, U.MethodDescription, U.WorkPlan, U.Work as the admitted kind, one dated Work occurrence admitted under that kind, and any separate assertion or description about it, plus the shortest traceable chain that already exists from U.RoleAssignment through the governing U.Method and its methodDescriptionRef or U.MethodDescription reference to the intended U.WorkPlan or actual Work occurrence, or an explicit source-relation gap that blocks admission of the claim.
Working enactment-alignment sequence. Role, method, plan, and work confusion -> separate the role, holder, role-taxonomy episteme, effective reference scheme, method description, intended U.WorkPlan, U.Work kind, actual dated Work occurrence, and any record about it -> choose proceed, plan, bounded probe, narrow, apply the direct governing pattern for any non-A.15 claim, or stop -> output the smallest alignment frame needed for the next work-family use -> use A.15.4 only when an encountered episteme publication, display, credential view, explanation, copied statement, provenance mark, dashboard tile, schema wording, API wording, or composed source-relation chain begins to carry or justify a work claim or reliance claim.
Working alignment applications.
- Name the role, holder, exact role-taxonomy episteme, and effective reference scheme under repair.
- Name the method or method description that is meant to govern the work.
- Name the intended
U.WorkPlan, or identify the actual dated Work occurrence admitted underU.Workand keep any assertion or record about it separate. - Choose the next governed use: proceed inside the recovered relation, plan, run a bounded reversible probe, narrow scope, apply the governing FPF pattern and project-side FPF kind and reference named by value for the claim or effect being made, or stop.
- If a reliance appearance such as a display, credential view, copied approval, generated explanation, publication face, or cue is being used by appearance for a work claim or reliance claim before the governing pattern position is named, apply
A.15.4work-relevant appearance-based reliance repair to that claim; keepA.15only for the separation amongU.Role,U.Method,U.MethodDescription,U.WorkPlan,U.Workas the admitted kind, each actual Work individual admitted under it, and every separate episteme about such an occurrence.
Action-pattern protection. This pattern is not about classifying encountered publications, displays, or cues. It keeps role, method, plan, holder U.Capability instance, separately governed capability-support records and relations, capability-fit checks, and performed work distinct so the acting engineer-manager can choose the next admissible work-family or reliance use. Work-relevant appearance-based reliance repair is handled by the related A.15.4 cluster member.
Minimum sufficient governed use. Choose the minimum sufficient governed use, recover only the project-side FPF kind and reference named by value needed for that use, and do not raise the claim beyond that recovered relation, source, or admissible-use boundary.
Recovered governing-reference sufficiency condition. If the required project-side FPF kind and reference named by value is present and its scope and window match the role, method, plan, or work-family claim under repair, proceed inside that recovered scope and window. If not, narrow scope, run a bounded reversible probe, find the missing source relation, or create only the smallest A.15.4 repair request, decision-request record, prospective work-plan entry, missing-source-relation note, or missing-source admission block needed for the next governed use.
Ordinary use. If the team only needs to separate role, method, plan, holder U.Capability instance, capability-fit checks, and performed work for orientation or planning, one separation sentence or small working card is enough.
Reliance-bearing use. Use the fuller alignment frame when a reliance appearance is about to guide planned work, performed work, role attribution, role-state attribution, release reliance, disputed responsibility, or use under another role taxonomy or reference scheme. Use A.15.4 when the issue under repair is whether that appearance exposes the project-side FPF kind and reference named by value required for that work claim or reliance claim.
Stop condition. Stop once the separation changes no next admissible work-family use or reliance use and blocks no concrete overclaim about role, role-state, method, plan, work, approval, evidence, or release.
Admissible-use examples.
Alignment frame in plain terms. One alignment frame that keeps U.Role, U.Method, U.MethodDescription, U.WorkPlan, U.Work as the admitted kind, one actual Work individual admitted under it, and any episteme about that occurrence distinct, while exact performedUnderAssignment and enactsMethod relations connect the occurrence to its U.RoleAssignment and U.Method; the admitted holder system is the actual performer under the assignment. This is not a single work occurrence, checklist, language-style repair pattern, or mere cue note.
First admissible work-family use in plain terms. Keep role value, holder assignment, semantic method, method-description reference, intended work plan, and dated performed work distinct while making the chain between them inspectable enough for enactment, audit, and source-relation recovery.
What goes wrong if missed. Teams collapse role, recipe, plan, capability, and performed work occurrence into one fuzzy "process" label from project material, then mistake documentation for execution, capability for evidence, schedule for occurrence, or a narrower briefing for the relation that makes work admissible.
What this buys. One inspectable enactment frame that lets a team ask who held what role, which method governed, what plan existed, and what work actually occurred before treating follow-on work, blame, or approval as if those distinctions were the same.
Not this pattern when. Not this pattern when the honest need is only one dated work occurrence (A.15.1), only planning or schedule baseline (A.15.2), only work-entry readiness or full-kit preparation (A.15.5), only a cue note that has not yet become an enactment-alignment question (A.16 or A.16.1), only boundary wording or policy wording without a role-method-work question under repair (A.6 or A.6.B), or work-relevant appearance-based reliance repair for a display, credential view, copied approval, generated explanation, publication face, or similar reliance appearance (A.15.4).
Related project records and governing patterns. A.15.1 governs dated Work occurrences admitted under U.Work and the boundary to separate assertions or records about them; A.15.2 governs schedule or baseline planning records, A.15.3 slot-filling plan items, A.15.4 work-relevant appearance-based reliance repair, A.15.5 work-entry readiness and full-kit preparation, B.5.1 Explore -> Shape -> Evidence -> Operate for project progression, F.11 method and work vocabulary alignment across contexts, and F.17 the human-facing work sheet.
Causal-use work boundary. Realized counterfactual-sampling work, counterfactual randomization, intervention assignment, target-trial emulation work, and causal evidence collection remain separately represented here as U.MethodDescription epistemes, U.WorkPlan epistemes, and world-side Work individuals admitted under U.Work together with their exact role and method relations. A.15 can say who performs which sampling or intervention work under which method and role; it does not make the resulting causal use admissible. C.28 governs the causal-use question, CausalityLadderRung, causal estimand, CausalEvidenceSupportBasis, counterfactual sampling realizability, and supported use and unsupported use.
Related-record mistakes. If the first honest cue is still only a cue, keep it under A.16 or A.16.1; if the question under repair is boundary wording, promise, agreement-like service, or policy wording, recover the corresponding A.6 boundary-claim record; if you need one executed occurrence rather than the alignment frame, recover the dated Work occurrence under A.15.1 and create or cite a separate assertion or record only when that episteme is also needed; if a reliance appearance is being used for a work relation or reliance relation, use A.15.4.
Boundary to coarsened renderings. A lighter briefing, summary, redacted note, or coarsened rendering may orient work or cue attention. It becomes sufficient for work execution, plan use, approval, gate decision, or execution evidence only when the required method, plan, approval, gate, or evidence source remains explicit and reopenable. Treat the coarsened-rendering relation through A.6.3.CSC Controlled Semantic Coarsening when the rendering itself changes what can be relied on.
Use boundary. Use A.15 when the current project question needs role-method-work alignment. If the current claim is one single work occurrence, A.15.4 repair note, wording repair, assurance claim, or encountered "process" label, use the governing pattern for that claim and keep only the A.15 separation that remains needed.
In any complex system, from a software project to a biological cell, there is a fundamental distinction between what something is (its structure), which role a holder is assigned under an exact role-taxonomy episteme and effective reference scheme (U.Role and U.RoleAssignment), how work is done (U.Method and U.MethodDescription), which holder U.Capability instance is relied on (A.2.2), which statement, evidence relation, or currentness assessment supports that reliance, which separate capability-fit, threshold, gate, or admission check is applied when fit is current, what work is intended (U.WorkPlan), which world-side dated Work occurrence happened (an individual admitted under U.Work), and which separate assertion or record describes it. Confusing these distinctions is a primary source of design flaws, budget overruns, and failed projects. Teams argue over encountered "process" wording without clarifying whether the FPF object under repair is a U.Method, a U.MethodDescription, a holder U.Capability instance, a statement about that instance, a separate capability-fit condition, a U.WorkPlan, an actual Work occurrence, or an episteme about that occurrence.
Keywords
- role-method-work distinction
- U.Role
- U.Method
- U.MethodDescription
- U.WorkPlan
- actual U.Work
- work-entry readiness
- contextual enactment
- coordinated-work evidence
- work admission display
- appearance-based reliance boundary.
Relations
Content
Problem frame
In any complex system, from a software project to a biological cell, there is a fundamental distinction between what something is (its structure), which role a holder is assigned under an exact role-taxonomy episteme and effective reference scheme (U.Role and U.RoleAssignment), how work is done (U.Method and U.MethodDescription), which holder U.Capability instance is relied on (A.2.2), which statement, evidence relation, or currentness assessment supports that reliance, which separate capability-fit, threshold, gate, or admission check is applied when fit is current, what work is intended (U.WorkPlan), which world-side dated Work occurrence happened (an individual admitted under U.Work), and which separate assertion or record describes it. Confusing these distinctions is a primary source of design flaws, budget overruns, and failed projects. Teams argue over encountered "process" wording without clarifying whether the FPF object under repair is a U.Method, a U.MethodDescription, a holder U.Capability instance, a statement about that instance, a separate capability-fit condition, a U.WorkPlan, an actual Work occurrence, or an episteme about that occurrence.
This pattern provides the canonical role-method-work enactment alignment in FPF. It applies the Strict Distinction Principle (A.7) to the passage from holder-in-role assignment and selected method to intended U.WorkPlan, an actual Work occurrence admitted under U.Work, and any separate episteme about it, without making A.15 the whole strict-distinction ontology. It weaves together current governing relations into a single, coherent model:
- A.2 and A.2.1: Provide enactment-facing
U.Rolevalues andU.RoleAssignmentas the typed assignment relation with exactly four generic participants: holderU.System,U.Role, exact role-taxonomy episteme, and effectiveU.ReferenceScheme. The actual assignment extent is the maximal continuous interval over which that relation obtains; declared windows and justification or source claims remain assertion or description content. - A.15.2 and A.15.1: Separate
U.WorkPlanintent from actual dated Work occurrences admitted underU.Work, and separate both from assertions or records that designate them. - A.3.1 and A.3.2: Separate
U.MethodfromU.MethodDescription, so recipes, algorithms, procedures, and encountered "process" wording do not become performed work by word choice. - A.3.4: Provides
U.Transformationfor bounded change under conditions when the actual change, affected entity, pre/post state, mechanism, method, or work relation is current. - A.10, C.2.1, and E.17: Keep evidence relations, source relations, publication relations, and carrier relations outside the work-facing role assignment unless a system or acting holon is actually assigned a role for performed work.
The intent of this pattern is to establish a normative, unambiguous vocabulary and set of relations for connecting holder-in-role assignment, recovered method, method-description reference, holder U.Capability instances when relied on, separate capability statements or currentness assessments when those are used, separate capability-fit conditions when current, intended work plan, actual dated resource-consuming Work occurrences admitted under U.Work, and separate epistemes about them.
To keep plan-occurrence separation explicit, this pattern references A.15.2 U.WorkPlan for schedules and calendars and A.15.1 for admission under U.Work and identification of dated Work individuals. Ambiguous terms in project material, such as "process", "workflow", "activity", and "schedule", are handled by E.10 and E.10.ARCH: recover the object under wording repair first, then assign the wording to U.Method, U.MethodDescription, U.WorkPlan, the U.Work kind or one Work individual admitted under it, or another direct governing pattern.
Terminology note. The words action and activity are not normative kernel names by themselves. When a generic "doing" cue appears, recover the FPF object or kind being claimed: U.Method, U.MethodDescription, U.WorkPlan, one Work individual admitted under U.Work or the kind itself when kind-level classification is current, or a neighboring governed value such as U.Transformation, U.Dynamics, evidence relation, gate relation, source relation, or publication use.
Problem
Without this formal framework, models suffer from a cascade of category errors:
- Role-as-Part: A Role (e.g.,
AuditorRole) is incorrectly placed inside a structural parts list (ComponentOf), making the system's architecture brittle and nonsensical. - Specification-as-Execution: A
MethodDescription(the "recipe") is treated as evidence that the work was done. This leads to "paper compliance," where a system is considered complete simply because its documentation exists. - Capability-as-Work: A team's ability to perform a task (
Capability) is conflated with the actual performance of that task (Work). This obscures the reality of resource consumption and actual outcomes. - Work-without-Alignment: An instance of work is logged without a clear link back to the exact role assignment, recovered method, method-description reference, and capability-fit or admission condition that made it admissible, making the work unauditable and its results impossible to reproduce.
- Ambiguous "process" or "activity" wording: The overloaded term "process" is used indiscriminately to refer to all of the above, creating a fog of miscommunication. Repair generic doing or activity terms through
E.10andE.10.ARCHtoU.Method,U.MethodDescription(recipe),U.WorkPlan(schedule), one Work individual admitted underU.Work(performed occurrence), or another direct governing pattern. - Actor and membership by association: A role value, capability, method, or method description is made to act because it is associated with the holder, or a phrase such as "the system possesses algorithm A" is treated as if it classified some episteme as
U.MethodDescription. The admitted holder system is the actor; description membership requires A.3.2's exact Method subject and substantive way-of-doing claim.
Forces
Solution
Method and work governing-pattern cue.
When encountered "process", "algorithm", "solver", "workflow", "procedure", or similar wording points to changing, producing, selecting, deriving, controlling, or maintaining an EntityOfConcern, use E.10.ARCH:3.1 to recover the object under wording repair first and then assign separately governed typed values. A.15 carries only the alignment among role, method, method-description, work-plan, and performed-work references. Formal substrate, mathematical-lens use, mechanism declaration or realization, evidence relation, gate relation, source relation, result, publication, and temporal claims are governed by their own patterns.
When methods are related to one another, A.15 keeps only the alignment use of that relation. The method-side object is the exact governed method relation structure under A.3.1, A.3.2, G.5, or a direct method-composition pattern when current. A method algebra, workflow graph, process calculus, matrix, category, embedding, or neural representation is a lens or method description over that structure, not a role relation, work plan, dated work occurrence, or assignment relation.
The solution is a stratified alignment that cleanly separates semantic method, method-description reference, holder-in-role assignment, holder U.Capability instances when relied on, separate capability statements or currentness assessments when those are used, separate capability-fit conditions when current, intended work plan, and dated performed work. The work-facing assignment relation is U.RoleAssignment.
The Core Entities: A Strict Distinction
FPF mandates the use of the following distinct, non-overlapping entities to model method, plan, and work enactment. Using them interchangeably is a conformance violation.
A) Role, Method, Description, Capability, And Plan Values:
U.Role: A work-facing role value interpreted through one exact role-taxonomy episteme and effectiveU.ReferenceScheme. Expected contribution, responsibility, permission, commitment, obligation, capability-fit, and admission conditions are neighboring relations governed by their direct patterns; the role value is not the holder, assignment occurrence, method, capability, work plan, or work occurrence.U.Method: The run-independent semantic way of doing a kind of transformation or enactment. It is not a dated performance or its description. The Work occurrence enacts the exact Method throughenactsMethod(W, M); the Method does not act or perform the Work.U.MethodDescription: One already identifiedU.Epistemewhose exactEntityOfConcernis an admittedU.Methodand whose claims say something substantive about that Method as a way of doing, as judged byA.3.2. An SOP, algorithm, proof, recipe, or other publication may express it, but wording or form alone establishes no membership. The description neither acts nor is enacted.U.Capability: TheA.2.2admitted dependent durable U-kind for holder-dependent capability instances. A concrete instance is aU.Systemholder's ability to perform a work family or produce a result class within a declared envelope, measure set, qualification window, and currentness condition. ACapabilityStatement, evidence relation, source-use relation, or currentness assessment may support relying on that instance; a capability-fit condition may test it. The capability instance is not the actor, method, method description, support record, fit predicate, work plan, or work occurrence, and possessing a capability or an algorithm establishes neither actual performance norU.MethodDescriptionmembership.U.WorkPlan: AU.Epistemedeclaring designators and constraints for possible future Work occurrences, including windows, dependencies, intended performers by role, and budgets. A future Work occurrence does not yet exist merely because a plan refers to it - see A.15.2.
B) The Assignment Relation:
U.RoleAssignment: The typed assignment relation for enactment-facing roles. Its generic signature has exactly four participant slots: holderU.System, assignedU.Role, exact role-taxonomy episteme, and effectiveU.ReferenceScheme. Its actual occurrence extent is derived as the maximal continuous interval over which those participants stand in the assignment relation. A declared assignment window, rationale, source, or selectedBoundedModelUseStructurebelongs to the receiving assertion, description, or use; none is an optional generic participant.
C) Performed Occurrence:
U.Work: The admitted kind for concrete dated work-occurrence holons. One Work individual is a world-side, resource-consuming enactment of aU.Methodby a holder under aU.RoleAssignment; it has its own temporal extent and stands in actual performer, method, containing-system, affected-referent, binding, and resource-use relations when they obtain. Capability-fit checks are evaluated against the holder for that occurrence. AnymethodDescriptionRef, log, ticket, assertion, description, or performed-work record is a separateU.Epistemethat may designate the occurrence and state those relations; it is not the occurrence. The assignment occurrence has its own actual extent, derived separately from uninterrupted obtaining.
Work individual and description boundary
U.Work is the admitted kind for dated work-occurrence holons. One Work individual is a world-side occurrence that stands in actual performedUnderAssignment, enactsMethod, temporal, executedWithin, affected-referent, binding, and resource-use relations when those relations obtain. The actual performer is the admitted U.System that fills the covering assignment's HolderSystemSlot; the assignment is the ground under which that system performed the Work. An assertion, description, log, ticket, or other record about that occurrence is a separate U.Episteme: it may designate the Work individual and state those relations, but it is neither the occurrence nor a Work individual.
Do not add a universal primaryTarget field, a local kind field, or an Operational/Communicative/Epistemic enumeration to the occurrence. Recover the exact affected-referent, transformation, speech-act or commitment effect, episteme-handling, production, delivery, acceptance, or other relation through its direct governing pattern. The words operational, communicative, and epistemic may remain use cues; they do not define local Work subkinds by enumeration.
Didactic Note for Managers: The "Chef" Analogy
This model can be easily understood using the analogy of a chef in a restaurant.
ChefRoleis the Role. It's a job title with certain expectations.- A Cookbook (
U.MethodDescription) contains the recipe for a Souffle. It's a piece of knowledge. - The chef's skill in making souffles is their
U.Capabilityinstance. They have this skill even when they are not cooking, while a certificate or review about the skill is a separate support record. RestaurantRoles-2026supplies the vocabulary forChefRole, andRestaurant-A-Role-Schemeis the effective reference scheme. The restaurant rulebook is a separate episteme that may declare capability or work-admission conditions before cooking work is admitted; it is not a participant of the generic role assignment.- The actual act of making a souffle on Tuesday evening is one Work occurrence admitted under
U.Work. Its exact temporal relation and separately obtaining resource-use relations connect that occurrence to the 25-minute extent, eggs, butter, and consumed gas when those facts obtain. A kitchen log that states them is a separate episteme.
Confusing these is like mistaking the cookbook for the souffle. FPF's framework simply makes these common-sense distinctions formal and mandatory.
The Canonical Relations: Connecting the Layers
The alignment uses precise relations only where they obtain. The diagram keeps the four generic U.RoleAssignment participants visible, keeps method description, capability fit, and work occurrence outside that assignment signature, and shows the derived actual-performer cue from F.6 on the single performed-work attribution edge rather than as a second relation. It presents method-description status as A.3.2 membership of the episteme, not as another edge.
- Capability-fit condition: A method description, work plan, or separately governed work-admission assertion may state that the holder under a
U.RoleAssignmentmust satisfy a capability threshold or envelope for a method or work claim. The fit condition tests the holder'sU.Capabilityinstance and may cite declared capability measures,U.Characteristicvalues, Q-Bundle slots, or architecture-characteristic criteria rows. The role value does not own the capability, the support record does not become the capability, and the fit condition is not a second capability kind. - A.3.2 membership for a method-description episteme: One already identified
U.Episteme Dis aU.MethodDescriptionwhen its exactEntityOfConcernresolves toM : U.Methodand at least one substantive claim says howMis done. Saying thatDdescribesMis shorthand for that constitution-and-membership result, not another binary description relation. This keeps the run-independent way of doing distinct from the description and any publication that exposes it. enactsMethod(W : U.Work, M : U.Method): One exact Work occurrenceWadmitted underU.Workstands inenactsMethodto methodMadmitted underU.Method. A separateperformedUnderAssignmentrelation connectsWto its role-assignment occurrence when that attribution obtains; the admitted system in the assignment'sHolderSystemSlotis the actual performer. Capability-fit checks are evaluated against that holder for the occurrence; theU.MethodDescriptionremains a separate episteme, and any admitted source remains under its separate source-use relation.performedUnderAssignment(W : U.Work, RA : U.RoleAssignment):[F.6](/generated/patterns/F.6)owns this direct attribution relation, its obtaining and occurrence-identity rule, the derived actual-performer projection, and the deprecated-alias boundary; A.15 consumes that owner here. For one exact Work occurrenceWand covering assignment occurrenceRA, read the actual performer as admitted systemH = actualPerformerSystem(W, RA) = RA.HolderSystemSlot, and use the relation only whenHperformedWunderRA. The assignment is the ground, not the actor; its four fixed participants keep the holder system, role value, role-taxonomy episteme, and effective reference scheme recoverable. A performed-work record may state this attribution but constitutes neither occurrence nor the relation. ExistingperformedBy(W, RA)claims may be read only through the F.6 compatibility boundary after resolvingH; do not author new claims with that spelling.
The assignment occurrence has the maximal continuous extent over which its four-participant relation obtains. A planned or asserted interval does not create that actual extent. A selected BoundedModelUseStructure, when it changes interpretation, is named in the receiving assertion or use. Only a genuinely structure-dependent relation species may require that structure as an identity-bearing participant, under its own direct pattern and stronger obtaining and identity law.
For a performed occurrence, this alignment lets the reader trace one Work individual admitted under U.Work through exact enactsMethod and performedUnderAssignment relations to the U.Method it enacts and the exact U.RoleAssignment under which its admitted holder system performed it; a separate assertion may cite the U.MethodDescription used to identify or constrain that method. The admitted holder system acts. The role value, assignment, capability instance or fit result, Method, MethodDescription, plan, evidence, role taxonomy, and reference scheme do not thereby act or perform the Work. A capability or algorithm-possession phrase also does not establish that a cited episteme is U.MethodDescription; its exact Method EntityOfConcern and substantive way-of-doing claim must independently satisfy [A.3.2](/generated/patterns/A.3.2).
Bounded specialization scouting and CheckpointReturn
When one human-plus-AI pair faces a new task family or candidate solution family, the governed work system may temporarily compose four distinct local roles inside the same dyad: a human-held OutcomeCriterionHolderRole, an AIScoutRole, an AISpecialistProbeRole, and a human-held CommitAuthorityRole. The payoff of the dyad is faster admissible specialization of the next work-family use, not disappearance of the human decision step.
For this bounded dyadic work question, the pair declares one outcome criterion first, enumerates heterogeneous candidate approaches that may satisfy that target, spends a bounded scouting budget or probing budget before any committed approach is chosen, and returns one CheckpointReturn that compares the tested approaches rather than silently treating one successful probe as a committed rollout. A.15 governs this dyadic alignment use and local role split only; it does not restate the checkpoint-record semantics of C.24 or the budget and guard enforcement of E.16.
Every CheckpointReturn carries:
- the declared outcome criterion and current
TaskFamily - the candidate approaches actually tested
- the evidence observed on each tested approach, including progress toward the named work-measure threshold and important failure signals
- the budget already burned and the residual budget still available
- the recommended next work-family use or reliance use: continue probing, commit to planned work, narrow the method or claim, apply the direct governing pattern for a non-A.15 claim, or stop
- the commit trigger named by value that would justify leaving the bounded probe
The return is candidate-approach evidence, burned and residual budget amounts, observed result, and commit-trigger condition. It is not the selected method, U.WorkPlan, an actual Work occurrence admitted under U.Work, an execution-evidence relation, an evidence-provenance relation, or a rollout decision. Those claims need the project-side FPF kind and reference named by value before committed rollout.
Low-human-overlap approaches remain admissible here only while they stay tied to the declared outcome criterion, budget limits, and evidence relation or evidence-provenance relation by value.
Boundary to A.15.4 Work-Relevant Appearance-Based Reliance Repair
Use A.15.4 when an encountered episteme, episteme publication, display, credential view, generated explanation, copied statement, provenance mark, dashboard tile, schema wording, API wording, or composed source-relation chain is being used by appearance for a work claim, reliance claim, role-assignment currentness claim, role-state currentness claim, source-currentness claim, approval, authorization, gate passage, evidence, engineering justification, release reliance, or a claim about an actual Work occurrence.
A.15 itself keeps the kernel separation: U.Role, holder, role-taxonomy episteme, effective reference scheme, U.Method, U.MethodDescription, U.WorkPlan, U.Work as the admitted kind, one actual dated Work occurrence, any separate episteme about it, and the U.RoleAssignment chain between them. The appearance-based reliance repair recovers the project-side FPF kind and reference named by value before the reliance appearance can carry the work claim, reliance claim, or effect claim being made; that repair belongs to A.15.4 unless a direct governing pattern is already recoverable.
A principle scheme, functional diagram, scenario, screen, or explanation that makes an E.18.1 P2W carry-through structure recoverable may help the team plan work or find the needed source.
Method-Work Unfolding Linkage
Use MethodWorkUnfoldingLinkage@Context only when a constraint-governed unfolding structure depends on a method and work relation that must stay inspectable across A.3 and A.15-family records. The linkage is a dependent relation record owned by this role-method-work alignment family; it is not a root U-kind, not a method, not work, not work authorization, and not evidence or gate passage.
capabilityFitConditionRefs[] points to A.2.2 capability-fit conditions for the method or work use. It is not a vague ability bucket, not a q-bundle by name, and not a measured characteristic unless [C.25](/generated/patterns/C.25), [C.16](/generated/patterns/C.16), or a characteristic or evaluation pattern is current.
When a CGUS, P2W, P2S, improvement-loop, or transformation-flow slice cites methodWorkLinkageRef?, the ref means only that this method and work relation needs to remain visible while the direct claims still keep their own authority. If a single direct claim is current, use its direct owner instead: U.Method or U.MethodDescription under A.3, work planning under [A.15.2](/generated/patterns/A.15.2), work-entry readiness under [A.15.5](/generated/patterns/A.15.5), an actual dated Work occurrence under [A.15.1](/generated/patterns/A.15.1), evidence under [A.10](/generated/patterns/A.10), assurance under [B.3](/generated/patterns/B.3), and gate under [A.20](/generated/patterns/A.20) or [A.21](/generated/patterns/A.21).
Boundary to A.15.5 Work-Entry Readiness
Use A.15.5 when the current question is whether intended work is ready enough to enter a work boundary. A.15 keeps the role-method-work separation; A.15.5 carries WorkEntryReadiness@Context, FullKitCondition, commitment disposition, resource-readiness refs, WIP or flow-policy refs, planned-baseline refs, and launch-gate refs when they are current.
Readiness is not performed work, not evidence sufficiency, and not gate passage by itself. A readiness-looking briefing, dashboard, source bundle, or P2W record may cue A.15.5, but the readiness relation is admitted only when the target work plan or plan item, missing inputs, preparation work if performed, planned baseline, and stop or degraded-use condition can be named.
Archetypal Grounding
The role-method-work alignment applies whenever the question under repair is holder-in-role, method description, intended plan, or performed work. Physical engineering, knowledge work, and socio-technical cases can all use the same distinction without turning A.15 into a universal process ontology.
Boundary case — possessed algorithm versus enacted method. Robot-7 : U.System holds InspectorRole through exact RoleAssignment-17. A capability assertion may say that Robot-7 can inspect turbines, and a source phrase may say that it "possesses inspection algorithm A". Neither statement is dated performance, and neither classifies TurbineInspectionProcedure-v3 as U.MethodDescription. If InspectionWork-17 actually occurs, Robot-7 performs it under RoleAssignment-17 through F.6 performedUnderAssignment(InspectionWork-17, RoleAssignment-17), while the Work occurrence separately stands in enactsMethod(InspectionWork-17, TurbineInspection@Maintenance-2026). TurbineInspectionProcedure-v3 is a method description only when its exact EntityOfConcern is that Method and at least one substantive claim says how the Method is done. Thus the system acts, the Work enacts the Method, and role, capability, algorithm-possession wording, Method, and description remain non-actors.
Key takeaway from grounding:
The welding and peer-review cases share one enactment alignment without sharing a domain ontology. Each has a holder U.System, a role interpreted by an exact role-taxonomy episteme and effective reference scheme, a four-participant U.RoleAssignment, a run-independent U.Method, a separate U.MethodDescription, a holder capability when reliance on it is current, and a dated Work occurrence admitted under U.Work. A selected model-use structure appears only in the receiving interpretation use that needs it. This is enough to compare the alignment while preserving different local structures; any classification beyond U.Work remains with its direct owner.
Briefing guides orientation, not execution
Source set. A release team has one deployment method description, one current work plan, one approval or decision record when required, and the evidence records and evidence relations used to decide whether the rollout may proceed. A short rollout briefing is prepared for the daily stand-up.
Briefing slice. Status briefing only: rollback procedure appears verified in the current source bundle. Execution remains tied to the deployment method, work plan, required approval or decision record, and evidence relation.
This briefing may orient the team and cue attention. If the team wants to execute from the briefing alone, use A.15.4 or the evidence, gate, decision, or assurance pattern governing the claim to recover the missing project-side kind and reference. Inside A.15, keep only the role, method, plan, and work-occurrence separation.
P2W principle-scheme publication guides planning, not occurrence
Source set. A team has a principle scheme that shows an E.18.1 P2W carry-through structure for a fabrication task: signature or principle episteme, method-family selection, selected method, U.WorkPlan, an actual Work occurrence admitted under U.Work, a separate work-result record, and result measurement.
Published slice. For this batch family, method M-2 is selected from the declared method family; prepare work plan WP-17 before any actual Work occurrence exists.
This publication may guide method inspection and work-planning preparation under A.15. A conforming use keeps selected method, U.WorkPlan, actual dated Work occurrence, separate assertion or record about it, work-result record, and result measurement distinct. If the publication is used for evidence, provenance, engineering justification, gate or constraint decision, physical medium, screen, export, OCR behavior, or publication-use, apply the governing pattern for that claim being made. If no project-side kind and reference named by value exists, create only an A.15.4 repair request, decision-request record for the next decision, prospective work-plan entry, or explicit missing-source-relation note.
Scenario guides method selection, not performed work
Source set. A method-selection scenario says that material X is below threshold T, resource window W is available, and the fabrication cell is under setup condition S. The scenario is admitted source material, or an episteme publication exposing that source material, for choosing between method families.
Published slice. Under scenario S, method family MF-2 is admissible for planning; choose the selected method and prepare the work plan before execution.
The scenario can guide method-family selection and work-planning preparation. Once the team selects a method or prepares a plan, state that project choice or plan through its governed episteme. If an actual Work occurrence is later claimed, ground that world-side individual independently under A.15.1; a separately governed assertion or performed-work record may designate it but does not become the occurrence. If the scenario is used for evidence, gate, or engineering-justification reliance, first recover the project evidence relation, gate or constraint decision, or engineering-justification record named by value under A.10, A.20, A.21, or B.3; otherwise record only an A.15.4 repair request, decision-request record, prospective work-plan entry, or missing-source-relation note.
Bias-Annotation
Lenses tested: Gov, Arch, Onto and Epist, Prag, Did. Scope: Universal for role-method-work enactment alignment across engineering, operational, and knowledge-work settings.
Bias risks and mitigations:
- Governance bias (Gov): teams may over-treat role labels or approval displays as enough evidence that work happened.
Mitigation: keep
U.RoleAssignment,U.MethodDescription,U.WorkPlan,U.Workas the admitted kind, actual Work occurrences, and epistemes about them distinct; state performed values and resource use only through obtaining relations involving the Work occurrence. - Architectural bias (Arch): modelers may pull roles, capability instances, fit predicates, or capability support records into structural part hierarchies because those diagrams are already present.
Mitigation: preserve the role as a value interpreted through an exact role taxonomy and effective scheme,
U.Capabilityas theA.2.2admitted capability instance, capability statements and currentness assessments as separately governed support relations, capability-fit as a separate checking or admission condition over that instance, and all of them outside structural part decomposition. - Epistemic bias (Onto and Epist): a documented recipe or schedule can be mistaken for proof of execution.
Mitigation: require the traceability chain from the actual Work occurrence through
U.RoleAssignmentandU.Method, and keep theU.MethodDescriptionand performed-work record as separate epistemes. - Pragmatic bias (Prag): teams may keep using one overloaded "process" word because it feels faster.
Mitigation: resolve "workflow", "schedule", and "what happened" wording through
U.Method,U.MethodDescription,U.WorkPlan, theU.Workkind when kind-level classification is current, or one exact Work individual admitted under it. - Didactic bias (Did): the chef analogy can make the pattern seem intuitive while hiding the need for explicit model links. Mitigation: pair the analogy with the canonical relations and checklist.
Conformance Checklist
To preserve role-method-work modeling, check the following predicates.
Common Anti-Patterns and How to Avoid Them
- Role-as-part. Do not place
U.Role,U.Capability, capability-support records or relations, or capability-fit predicates inside structuralpartOfdecomposition; keep role interpretation under its role taxonomy and effective scheme, capability as theA.2.2admitted capability instance, support records or relations under their own governing patterns, and fit predicates as admission checks. - Recipe-as-evidence. A
U.MethodDescriptionor SOP may identify or constrain a method; a separate assertion or performed-work record may designate a dated Work occurrence, but the record is not the occurrence and cannot substitute for its world-side basis. - Plan-as-performed-work. Do not let schedules, calendars, or intended assignments stand in for performed execution; use
U.WorkPlanfor intent, identify the actual Work occurrence independently underU.Work, and state its performed values through obtaining relations. - Capability-as-work. Do not treat possession of a capability instance, a statement about it, or a passing fit predicate as if the task has already been performed; capability enables execution under conditions but is not execution.
- Approval collapse. Keep approval or authorization speech acts distinct from the operational steps they permit. When an approval is itself performed work, identify one separate Work individual admitted under
U.Workand recover the exact speech-act or instituted-effect relation independently; the approval occurrence is not the later operational occurrence. - Process soup. Do not leave "process", "workflow", or "activity" uninterpreted in FPF-governed passages; resolve the wording cue to
U.Method,U.MethodDescription,U.WorkPlan, theU.Workkind, or one Work individual admitted under it. - Briefing-as-execution-cue. A lighter review note, rollout summary, or redacted operations note may orient work; use
A.15.4appearance-based reliance repair or the direct governing pattern for that reliance before relying on it for execution, approval, gate, evidence, or plan claims. - P2W publication as work occurrence. A principle scheme, functional diagram, scenario, screen, or explanation may guide selected method or work-planning uses named by value; recover the project-side FPF kind and reference named by value for any selected-method, work-plan, work-occurrence, result, evidence, gate, or engineering-justification claim, and keep the
E.18.1carry-through structure separate from those typed values. - Reliance appearance as work-relevance cue. A dashboard tile, credential display, copied approval, generated explanation, provenance label, command-like cue, or composed source-relation chain is only a reliance appearance until
A.15.4recovers the project-side kind and reference named by value required for the work or reliance claim under repair.
Consequences
Rationale
This pattern solves a problem that has plagued systems modeling for decades: the conflation of what a system is with what it does. Its rigor is not arbitrary but is grounded in several key intellectual traditions.
- Ontology Engineering: The pattern is a direct application of best practices from foundational ontologies (like UFO), which have long insisted on the distinction between endurants (objects like a
U.System) and perdurants (events and Work individuals admitted underU.Work), and between intrinsic properties and relational roles. FPF makes these powerful distinctions accessible to practicing engineers. - Process-theory source tradition: Formalisms like the Pi-calculus or Petri Nets model dynamic interactions under terms often translated as processes. A.15 does not import
processas a new FPF object; it maps the useful local use toU.Method,U.MethodDescription,U.WorkPlan,U.Workas the admitted kind, one actual dated Work occurrence, or a separate episteme about it. FPF adds the exact holder and four-participant role assignment, holderU.Capabilityinstance when capability reliance is current, any separate capability statement or currentness assessment used for that reliance, any separate capability-fit condition over that capability instance when work admission is current, enactedU.Method, and separateU.MethodDescriptionthat make the occurrence inspectable. - Pragmatism and Practice: The framework is deeply pragmatic. The distinctions it makes between a
MethodDescription, a capability instance, and a Work individual admitted underU.Workare precisely the ones that matter in project management, compliance, and debugging. When a failure occurs, a manager needs to know whether the recipe was wrong, the holder lacked the required capability, or this particular Work occurrence departed from the method. This framework provides the vocabulary to ask and answer that question precisely.
By creating this clean, stratified alignment for enactment, FPF provides a stable and scalable foundation for downstream resource accounting, decision, constraint, gate, evidence, assurance, ethics, and transformation patterns without letting any one of those neighboring claims collapse into A.15.
SoTA-Echoing: Adopted and Adapted Invariants and Rejected Shortcuts
SoTA alignment rule. Read each row here as source idea -> local FPF invariant -> practical local test -> popular shortcut rejected. A source citation governs nothing by reputation; it counts only when the cited idea is translated into the Solution, conformance checks, boundary rules, worked slices, and Relations of this pattern.
Claim 1. Best-known current workflow, digital-thread, and service-operations source traditions keep recipe, plan, and execution separate.
Practice source, local alignment, and adoption decision. Contemporary process-modeling source traditions, service operations, and auditability practice after 2015 separate procedure, schedule, and executed occurrence because otherwise paper compliance becomes indistinguishable from completed work. In the manufacturing and peer-review slices above, this means a procedure or calendar never counts as the weld or the review itself. This pattern adopts that separation, adapts it through U.Method, U.MethodDescription, U.WorkPlan, U.Work as the admitted kind, actual Work individuals admitted under it, and separate epistemes about them, and rejects the shortcut where one undifferentiated "process" label carries all meanings.
Claim 2. Best-known current accountability practice keeps the exact holder and assignment explicit rather than attributing work to a role label or a document.
Practice source, local alignment, and adoption decision. Contemporary service delivery, incident practice, and role-accountability practice distinguish accountable assignee, governing procedure, and performed-work record because after-the-fact review depends on knowing who acted, under what role, and under which method. In the slices above, that is why the welding robot or peer-review assignee acts under U.RoleAssignment rather than the role or guideline acting on its own. This pattern adopts explicit holder attribution through U.RoleAssignment, adapts it to exact role-taxonomy and reference-scheme semantics, and rejects anonymous work logs and role-as-part modeling.
Claim 3. Best-known current approval and execution practice treats a communicative gate act and the operational act it permits as distinct Work occurrences with distinct obtaining effect relations, not as two label-defined U.Work subkinds.
Practice source, local alignment, and adoption decision. Contemporary release, compliance, and safety-critical practice separates approval, authorization, and review acts from the operational steps they permit because authority change and world change are not the same event. In the examples above, an approval Work occurrence and a deployment or welding Work occurrence are distinct individuals admitted under the same U.Work kind and connected to different exact effect relations. This pattern adopts that split, adapts it through separately grounded Work individuals and their direct relations, and rejects both the collapse of approval into the permitted operation and the invention of communicative versus operational Work subkinds by label.
Local claim. The FPF-governed SoTA claim for this pattern is practical and narrow: role-method-work enactment remains reviewable only when role, method, plan, and work stay distinct enough that audits can tell whether the problem was in the assignment, the recipe, the schedule, the capability, or the performed occurrence itself.
Claim 4. Best-known current agentic work practice treats fast bounded specialization as a checkpointed scout and probe discipline rather than as a naked winner claim.
Practice source, local alignment, and adoption decision. Contemporary agentic tool-use, adaptive method-selection, and human-in-the-loop work-control practice separates bounded exploration from committed rollout because a successful probe is not yet an admissible committed approach. In the working moment above, that is why the pair returns one CheckpointReturn with candidate approaches, evidence, burned and residual budget, and a commit trigger rather than only a winner label. This pattern adopts checkpointed scout and probe discipline, adapts it through the dyad-local roles and CheckpointReturn, and rejects the shortcut where an early probe silently becomes a committed rollout.
For visible credential, provenance, dashboard, explanation, or composed-source cases that need project-side FPF kind and reference named by value before work or reliance, use A.15.4. The A.15 family carries only the role, method, plan, and work portion of the case.
The nearest recovery loci are the manufacturing, peer-review, rollout briefing, CC-A15-7, CC-A15-10, CC-A15-12, and the boundary to A.15.4. If a SoTA row cannot be recovered through those local checks, do not let the source citation stand in for the local A.15 rule.
Relations
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Architecture method/work boundary:
C.32.P2SandC.32.PADmay cite method descriptions, pattern-use refs, responsibility-bearing role assignments, readiness exits, and expected structure effects as architecturing or decision-output duties.C.32.ADRmay publish those refs. A.15 still governs method, method description, work plan, work-entry readiness, performed work, and performed-work attribution claims. -
Directly applies:
A.7 Strict Distinctionfor the role, method, method-description, plan, and work split. -
Builds upon:
A.2forU.Role,A.2.1forU.RoleAssignment,A.2.2forU.Capability,A.2.5for role-state admission,A.2.7for role relation structure,A.6.5for slot-relation discipline used by assignment and relation declarations,A.3.1forU.Method,A.3.2forU.MethodDescription,A.3.3forU.Dynamics,A.3.4forU.Transformation,A.15.1forU.Work,A.15.2forU.WorkPlan,A.15.3for slot-filling plan items,A.15.5for work-entry readiness, andF.6as the direct owner ofperformedUnderAssignmentand the derivedactualPerformerSystem(W, RA)cue. -
Coordinates with:
A.15.4for work-relevant appearance-based reliance repair;A.15.5for full-kit preparation and work-entry readiness;E.10andE.10.ARCHfor wording recovery around process, workflow, activity, schedule, algorithm, solver, and procedure wording;A.6,A.6.B, andA.6.Cfor mixed boundary, policy, API, schema, agreement-like, or promise wording;A.10for evidence, currentness, and provenance;B.3for assurance claims;A.21forOperationalGate(profile),GateDecision, andDecisionLogRef;A.20forConstraintValiditystatus or witness;C.28for causal-use admissibility;C.29for mathematical-lens use;E.18.1for P2W carry-through;C.32.P2Sfor architecturing flow refs to method, work plan, readiness, and performed work; andE.17.EFPfor generated-explanation faithfulness or source-finding. -
Used by: patterns that need to keep systems or acting holons with role assignments, method descriptions, work plans, work occurrences, result records, and appearance-based reliance repairs distinct. A.15 is not a generic process ontology, workflow engine, evidence graph, gate pattern, or publication pattern.
Coordinated-work evidence and distributed-state relation note
Use A.15 first when the claim is about who acts, by which method, under which role, under which work plan, producing which work result. Coordinated work, routine skill, team alignment, tacit knowledge, and role-method fit are not quantum-like by default.
Application choices:
- Name the role, method, and work result before naming any distributed state.
- State which exact Work occurrences admitted under
U.Workand which separateC.2.1assertions about that work, work traces, work-event records, observations, reports, or metrics make the coordination visible. - Ask whether role-method-work alignment alone explains the case. If yes, stay in A.15.
- If no participant statement, local component report, single evidence record, dashboard, or exported representation carries the inferred state faithfully enough for the intended state use, add a
C.26.2low-recoverability distributed-state reading. - State the weakest evidence-bound state-reading claim, time window, rival explanations, and export loss.
- Carry evidence use through
A.10and assurance claims throughB.3when the reading will guide work, reliance, audit, readiness, release, or compliance.
Add a C.26.2 low-recoverability distributed-state reading only when coordinated work is being used as evidence for a state that no participant statement, local component report, single evidence record, dashboard, or exported representation carries faithfully enough for the intended state use. In C.26.2 terms, the reading is a minimal evidence-bound U.Episteme claim under carriers, window, rivals, and export limits; it is not a group mind, not performed work, not evidence sufficiency, and not assurance by itself. That evidence-bound reading states:
Useful outputs:
- an A.15 work-alignment claim when work roles explain the case;
- a C.26.2 low-recoverability distributed-state reading when coordination evidence survives ordinary rivals;
- an
A.10evidence relation orB.3assurance claim relation when the distributed-state reading will be used as evidence or assurance for a work claim or reliance claim; - no distributed-state reading when evidence sources, rivals, or time window cannot be named.
C.29 mathematical-lens use relation
If a mathematical lens helps select a method, compare method families, shape a work plan, or diagnose work, use
C.29only for the fit of that mathematical diagnostic or method-selection reason. The next concrete object remains under the A.15 family:ChoiceResultor local choice record when a choice is made, selected method or method-family selection when the method-governance claim is being made,U.WorkPlanfor a plan, an actual Work occurrence admitted underU.Workfor execution, a separate work-result record for a result claim, and anA.15.4appearance-based reliance repair reference when a reliance appearance is being used as reason for work or reliance before the governing pattern slot or relation is named. A mathematical lens may explain why a diagnostic distinction is useful; it does not make a plan into performed work or a method explanation into execution evidence.
P2W Work-Family Split
When a P2W use under E.18.1 produces a WorkPlanning or work-entry readiness relation, this family carries the split among selected method, U.WorkPlan, SlotFillingsPlanItem, WorkEntryReadiness@Context, an actual Work occurrence admitted under U.Work, and separate result-related records. A P2W principle scheme, functional diagram, or scenario may guide method inspection and work-planning preparation only after the current work-family object is named.
WorkPlanning may place evidence-reference hooks and source-currentness requests for the governing pattern that carries the relation under repair. A.15.5 may cite WorkPlan and SlotFillingsPlanItem baselines when readiness is the current relation. If the relation under repair is evidence, gate passage, launch-value finalization, performed work, result measurement, assurance, or refresh, name that relation before relying on the work-planning or readiness record.
P2W Performed-Work Relation
When E.18.1 reaches performed work, this family keeps U.Work as the admitted kind and identifies one exact dated Work occurrence under it. WorkEnactment is not a second kind and should not be used as a pseudo-object between a plan and the occurrence.
A performed-work record is a separate U.Episteme that may cite a U.WorkPlan, planned baseline, and the exact Work occurrence. It may state actual launch bindings, performed values, substitutions, variance, telemetry, outputs, outcome claims, and result-record references only by citing their independently obtaining relations; none is stored in or constituted by the Work occurrence. Comparator, transport, PrincipleFrame, U.Signature(profile=FormalSubstrate), evidence, assurance, and gate relations remain separately governed.
P2W Integration As Role Enactability
When E.18.1 uses integration wording to mean role enactability under interface constraints, this family carries the role, method, plan, and performed-work part of the claim. Name the selected role, U.RoleAssignment when the role-assignment claim is being made, method or method description, relevant U.WorkPlan or actual Work occurrence admitted under U.Work, and the interface constraints governed by the architecture or module-interface pattern.
If the same phrase also raises connected artifacts, telemetry, acceptance records, diagrams, module-interface claims, selected-structure claims, checks, gates, evidence, or provenance, split those relations before relying on the integration wording.
Lowering, Repair, and Refresh Conditions
Lower an A.15 claim when the role, holder, role-taxonomy episteme, effective reference scheme, method, method description, work plan, work-entry readiness relation, performed work occurrence, or capability check cannot be named at the granularity required by the next work-family use. A weaker but admissible result is a separation note, missing-source-relation note, A.15.4 repair request, decision-request record for the next decision, prospective work-plan entry, or A.15.5 readiness-gap note.
Repair the local alignment frame when a subsequent source shows that the role assignment, method description, work-plan baseline, performed-work occurrence, capability threshold, role-state currentness record, or source-currentness window was wrong for the claimed use. Repair only the changed relation: do not rewrite the method when only the work plan changed, do not rewrite the work occurrence when only the evidence relation changed, and do not treat an A.15.4 repair request as carrying a non-A.15 claim.
Refresh the A.15 use before relying on it under a new role taxonomy, effective reference scheme, selected model-use structure, role assignment, method family, work plan, execution window, result measurement, or evidence, assurance, gate, appearance-based reliance repair, or mathematical-lens relation. If the issue under repair after refresh is no longer role-method-work alignment, use the governing pattern for that relation and keep only the remaining A.15 separation here.
A.15:End
Last Updated: 2026-08-05 — upstream FPF commit 3dbce514 (github.com/ailev/FPF)